Comstock Partners, Inc.Too Early to Look For a BottomDecember 27, 2007 As we watched the anchors on bubble TV desperately trying to find a ray of sunshine in the dismal financial and economic situation it seemed as if almost every strategist, portfolio manager and analyst was asked whether they thought the financial stocks were bottoming and whether they were now buying them. It seems to us that this is the wrong question. The key question should be: With the S&P 500 down only 6.3% from its all-time peak, the housing and credit crisis now spreading to the rest of the economy and corporate earnings starting to decline, when is the market going to realize the full extent of the problem? Markets seldom bottom when everyone is looking for one. That only tends to keep stocks up since few want to sell if they think a bottom is close. Stocks only bottom when the vast majority has already thrown in the towel and given up the idea that the market will go up anytime soon. That is hardly the case at the present time. The latest Investors’ Intelligence survey indicates that bulls on the market outnumber bears by a margin of 2.4-to-1, hardly the sentiment seen at previous market bottoms where bears have typically outnumbered bulls. The majority still thinks that the credit/housing crisis will be contained, that the economy will soften just a bit before recovering, and that earnings will show a double digit increase in 2008. Behind this belief is the confidence that the Fed can wave its magic wand and cure any problem. We strongly disagree for the following reasons. The successive moves by the Treasury and the Fed to restore confidence look increasingly panicky and desperate as they attempt to deal with the first credit crisis of the derivatives era. We have now witnessed three cuts in the fed funds and discount rates, extensive open market operations, an attempt to shore up the SIVs and a plan to freeze subprime mortgage rate resets. The latest action is a coordinated plan (the term auction facility) to induce banks to lend more readily to one another and overcome the atmosphere of fear that has upset the world’s credit markets since August. While the latest plan may help liquidity a bit it doesn’t get to the heart of the problem—insolvency, debt deleveraging, asset writeoffs, the continuing lack of transparency and the ongoing decline of the housing market. In addition the forces for recession have already been set in motion and are not likely to be stopped at this late date. The major problem that is belatedly panicking the various authorities is that about two million subprime adjustable-rate mortgages are due to be reset over the next two years with the average monthly increase in payments estimated at between $300 and $350 A large number of these mortgages are held by people who can’t afford to make the new higher payments. In the absence of any action they will default and be subject to foreclosure proceedings that will result in their houses being taken over by lenders for sale into an already saturated market. This would come on top of the current turmoil in the credit markets and the already softening economy. Let’s not forget that the current problems with subprime mortgages were not caused by resets but by the fact that a large percentage of subprime mortgage holders can’t even afford the teaser rates. Foreclosures were already at a record high in the third quarter. Subprime adjustable rate mortgages showed a foreclosure rate of 4.7% while 18.8% were over 30 days late in payments. A large percentage of late-payment mortgages end up going into foreclosure. In addition the housing industry is in plenty of trouble before most of the resets are due to take place. Existing home sales are down 21% year-over-year and inventories amount to 10.8 months of supply. Prices are down 5.1% from a year ago and still declining. A study by Morgan Stanley, based on past regional home price declines, sees substantial risk that home prices will fall for the next three years or more ".given the tremendous overhang of subprime pressures, risk of recession, and the high cross-regional correlations." Despite the action of the various authorities, the fact remains that financial institutions still don’t know what securities other institutions own, what they are worth and how much more will be written down. In too many instances they don’t even know what securities they themselves own or what they are worth. Furthermore with the housing situation still deteriorating the situation is likely to get even worse. The situation will only get worse as more subprime-related securities are downgraded. A Wall Street Journal article indicates that in the year-to-date there have been 19,795 downgrades among securitized assets including multiple downgrades for the same bonds. Excluding double-counting, 11,817 securities worth $290 billion have been downgraded. Even more ominous, the ratings agencies indicate that there are thousands more securities, valued in hundreds of billions, under consideration for further downgrades. The plight of the bond insurers threatens to add to the financial turmoil. S&P has slashed the rating of small bond insurer ACA Capital from triple-A to junk, stating that mortgage-related losses could exceed its $650 million capital cushion by more than $2 billion. ACA has provided guarantees on billions of dollars of securities including $26 billion of CDOs. Since in almost all of these cases the triple A ratings of the guaranteed securities depends on the guarantees, these securities are likely to be subject to writedowns as well, leading to a new wave of additional writedowns at banks and other institutions. While ACA is relatively small, S&P also put two large bond insurers—MBIA and Ambac---on negative watch, meaning that it may downgrade their ratings in the near future, although it confirmed their triple A status for now. In addition MBIA, in a surprise move, indicated that it guarantees $8.1 billion of so-called CDOs-squared that have chances of losses. CDOs-squared repackage other CDOs and securities linked to subprime mortgages. If leading bond insurers were downgraded, some $2 trillion of insured securities would lose their triple A rating, leading to another surge of massive writedowns at financial institutions throughout the globe along with additional severe credit problems in the world financial system. We suspect that the only reason that S&P didn’t downgrade these companies now was their fear of what it would do to the markets. We can’t say that we blame them for their reluctance, but that does not change the stark reality of the situation. This is yet another glaring example of the lack of transparency and the completely justified fear that we still don’t know of all the dangers that have still not been exposed to the light of day. Last month alone, even before these new developments were revealed, delinquencies on subprime loans contributed to downgrades on 2,007 CDOs. |
While some insist that the credit market and housing turmoil has not and will not spread to the economy, significant softening is already evident as is conceded by the Fed itself. In addition a number of prominent economists (although not a majority), even those associated with Wall Street, are now forecasting recession. The main argument of the economic bulls is that employment remains "strong." However, this assertion is not verified by the numbers that show the labor market is weakening significantly. According to the BLS, the increase in monthly payroll employment averaged 189,000 in 2006 and fell to 118,000 in the first 11 months of this year. In the last six months the increase dropped to only 94,000. Furthermore, the so-called birth/death adjustment accounted for 87% of the average monthly increase in the current year. Since these jobs are probably non-existent, the actual increase in employment this year is minuscule. The four-week average of initial unemployment claims excluding hurricane Katrina, is the highest since 2004 and has been moving up steadily. Similarly, continuing claims have been trending sharply higher. The Conference Board leading indicators are down 0.8% from a year earlier, the largest drop since the third quarter of 2001. A decline of this magnitude has almost always led to recession. In housing, we continue to see severe declines in starts, permits, sales, prices and mortgage applications along with increased inventories, defaults and foreclosures. Real wages have declined 1.1% year-over-year at a time when the household savings rate has turned negative. Consumer spending has already slowed as is indicated by the reports of weak holiday sales, and will continue to be restricted in the period ahead by the weakening labor market, the drop in real wages, the non-existent savings rate, the dismal housing situation, the sharp decline in mortgage equity withdrawals, the ongoing credit crisis and high oil prices. Furthermore, core durable goods orders have dropped 2.6% in the last six months, indicating a coming weakening of capital expenditures. The Western Europe and Japanese economies are slowing as well. Together, the U.S., the EU and Japan account for about 70% of world GDP with the developing nations accounting for the rest. Since the developing nations depend largely on exports for their growth, they are far from immune to the forces that are slowing down the global economy. This means that the so-called decoupling of the U.S. and global economies, so widely heralded until recently, will prove to be another mirage based on hope rather than reality. In our view the stock market has not even come close to discounting the recession that is almost sure to come, if it has not already arrived. The consensus of private economists is still forecasting a 2008 GDP increase of 2.4%, a goal that is not likely to be met.. In the last eight recessions going back 50 years the S&P 500 has dropped by an average of 30%, and in seven of these instances the peak price-to-earnings ratio on trendline earnings was lower than it is today. Furthermore, don’t be fooled by sharp bear market rallies. The bear market of 2000 to 2002 was punctuated by five different rallies ranging from 10% to 25% while falling 50% (on the S&P 500) overall. As pointed out by Investors’ Business Daily, Nasdaq’s nine biggest up days of all time occurred during the last bear market. Although the current bear market is also likely to be punctuated by sharp rallies, we believe it has a long way to go on the downside as the developing economic news worsens. |