Ich möchte die Diskussion vom alten GMG Thread in diesen hier verlegen, ich hoffe der eine oder andere, der wirklich an einer Diskussion interessiert ist, sprich ohne Provokationen, Unterstellungen, Beleidigungen oder Off Topics, kann sich mir gerne anschliessen. Der Anfang wurde von einigen Usern schon gemacht (im Nachbarthread) doch die ganzen Postings wurden leider durch nichtsaussagendes gespame nach hinten geschoben.
Zum Thema Kohle, seit 2005 ist der Verbrauch an Kohle in der Mongolei pro Jahr um 200.000 Tonnen gestiegen und lag 2007 bei ca 6.000.000 Tonnen. Der Grossteil sprich 5.000.000 Tonnen wurde für Kohlekraftwerke verwendet. Alleine an dieser Statistik sieht man das Kohle ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Mongolei ist und diese nicht wegzudenken erscheint.
Mongolia’s domestic consumption of coal has been increasing by about 200,000 tonnes annually since 2005, reaching nearly six million tonnes last year. Domestically, the majority of the coal is used as fuel for the country’s thermal power plants. Mongolia’s three energy systems, consisting of six power plants, consume nearly five million tonnes of coal annually, representing more than 80 per cent of the country’s total coal consumption.
Interessant für GMG ist zb das Kraftwerk in Ulan Bator, das im Jahr 2010 in Betrieb genommen wird und 2,5mio Tonnen Kohle pro Jahr verbraucht.
The plans allow for a fifth power plant to be up and running in Ulaanbaatar around 2010, using CTG technology to generate electricity. The plant alone is predicted to consume 2.5 million tonnes of coal annually. Additionally there are plans for the construction of a power plant by Shivee Ovoo, with a consumption of an additional 15 million tonnes of coal per year, as well as the implementation of CTL and CTG technologies to produce fuel and power.
Die Kohleproduktion in der Mongolei steigt weiter an und die Aussichten bis 2020 sind wachsend. Dazu kommt das der Export von Kohle auch weiter ansteigt. Nicht nur das, selbst der Eigenbedarf an Kohle steigt drastisch an.
According to estimates by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Mongolia (MFEM), annualproduction of coal in Mongolia could potentially reach 40 million tonnes in 2012 and increase to70 million tonnes by 2020. Of this total, 13 million tonnes are expected to be exported in 2012and 20 million tonnes by 2020, creating a scenario where 27 million tonnes of coal couldpotentially be consumed domestically in Mongolia by 2012 and 50 million tonnes by 2020.
Mongolia has three regional systems for energy distribution:
• Central Energy System (CES)
• Eastern Energy System (EES)
• Western Energy System (WES)
The CES is based on three coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants in Ulaanbaatar and local coal-fired CHP plants in Darkhan and Erdenet. The CES has a total installed power capacity of about 782 MW and represents 96 per cent of the country’s electricity supply. The EES consists of one independent CHP plant in Dornod, supplying the eastern provinces with heat and power and some isolated diesel generators. The WES is dependant on electricity imports from Russia.
Der Stromverbrauch in der Mongolei steigt jährlich weiter an, diese Steigerungen müssen auch in der Zukunft gedeckt werde und das geht meiner Meinung nach nur durch Errichtung neuer Kraftwerke.
Das Onjuul Feld liegt in einer der 15 grössten Kohledepots der Mongolei, um genau zu sagen ist es das viert grösste.
Mongolia has estimated coal reserves of about 150 billion tonnes114, 20 per cent of which is coking coal and 80 per cent lignite or steam coal. The reserves are located in more than 200 coal deposits in 15 major coal basins. The proven reserve of coal is about 20 billion tonnes. This can be compared to proven recoverable reserves of neighbouring countries; 157 billion in Russia, 114.5 billion in China and 31.3 billion in Kazakhstan116. Mongolia has on the other hand 4,629.6 tonnes of proven reserves per capita compared to 1,094.1 tonnes of proven recoverable reserves per capita in Russia and 87.6 tonnes per capita in China117. The majority of the coal deposits and occurrences are located in the eastern, central and southern regions of Mongolia.
Um Kosten zu senken liegen die meisten Kohlefelder nahe der Schienen, um die Kohle direkt zu den Kraftwerken zu transportieren, die Frage ist, was versteht man unter nah? Südöstlich ca 85km entfernt von Onjuul liegt das Tevshiin Gobi Depot. Laut Onjuul NI Report liegt das Onjuul Feld ca 170km von der Trans-Mongolian-Railroad entfernt, sprich das Tevchiin Gobi Depot liegt ca 85km von den Schienen entfernt. Vielleicht bekommt jemand heraus, wie weit die anderen Felder die in der unteren Tabelle aufgeführt sind von den Schienen entfernt sind.
In 2007, over nine million tonnes of coal was extracted in Mongolia118, which was an increaseof more than one million tonnes over the previous year. Historically, the main focus has been tosupply the country’s CHP with low-cost coal. To minimise transport costs, most coal productionis thus located along the railway and where it can be carried by rail to the power stations.
Kohleverflüssigung scheint auch ein grosses Thema in der Mongolei zu sein.
Mongolia’s dependency on imported fuels and large coal resources has put emphasis ondomestic development and implementation of CTL and CTG technologies. Development ofCTL production capacity is one of the strategic targets of the National Coal Programme and this programme has set 2012 as a date when CTL should be functioning in Mongolia. By this date, CTL production capacity is planned to extract 400 thousand tonnes of oil products; a volume which is to be doubled by 2020.
Zum Thema Infrastruktur, das Strassennetz wird verbessert und ausgeweitet und eine Verbindung von Ulan Bator nach China errichtet. Dazu kommt das die Mongolei an Häfen angeschlossen wird, ca 3mrd$ werden für das ganze Projekt ausgegeben.
According to the World Bank, the GoM has proposed investments in transport infrastructure of a total value USD 2.945 billion between 2008 and 2015. The figure equates to about 9.8 per cent of Mongolia’s expected GDP for the same period and is considered to ambitious to achieve. The majority of the investments are aimed at improving the country’s railway.
The Transit Mongolia Programme includes construction of several Asian highway routes in Mongolia. Some of the larger infrastructural investments include completion of the Millenniu Road and the road from Ulaanbaatar to the Chinese border, as well as four additional northsouth roads linking Russia to China.
The Millennium Road Project was implemented by the GoM and approved by the Parliament in 2001. The purpose of the project is to connect Mongolia to neighbouring countries and sea ports, in the shortest possible way. The highway will stretch across the country, together with five vertical arterial roads, and is supposed to be implemented within 11 years. It has been criticised for the high costs related to the project and the difficulties to see any actual benefits accruing from it.
Das Kohleprogramm der Mongolei 2006 - 2012 und 2013 - 2020, insgesamt werden ca 13,6mrd$ investiert.
Due to the environmental issues related to coal consumption, a number of policies addressing the effort to decrease the impact on air pollution have been implemented. MFEM has created a Coal Programme with the aim to develop the coal industry in Mongolia in an environmentally friendly and efficient way. The programme, which has not yet been approved by the parliament, addresses issues such as the development of technologies for efficient coal exploration, production and development, and the utilisation of coal processing and environmentally friendly technologies. It will be implemented in two stages between 2007 and 2020 and has the aspiration that 50 per cent of all Mongolia’s liquid fuel supply will originate from coal by 2020. By the same year, 27 soums are to be powered from gasified coal energy sources and five million tonnes of coking chemistry products will be produced and utilised domestically
Quelle: www.swedishtrade.se/PageFiles/138252/...20sectors%20in%20Mongolia.pdf
und
www.gulfsideminerals.com/files/...tNI%2043-101-%20Onjuul-August09.pdf
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