Hier noch was über Gabun und Petrol One:
Etwa 65% der Einwohner sind Christen (ca. 60% Katholiken, 5% verschiedene protestantische Kirchen). Die übrige Bevölkerung hängt Volksreligionen, vor allem dem Bwiti, an. Eine kleine Minderheit mit 5% bekennt sich zum Islam, seit 1998 Tendenz steigend.
Gabun ist einer der rohstoffreichsten Staaten Afrikas, mit erheblichen Erdölreserven vor der Küste. Dementsprechend zählen zu seinen Hauptexportgütern Rohöl und Erdölprodukte, auf die ca. 80 % seiner Exporteinnahmen entfallen. Im Landesinneren werden Mangan, Uran und Gold gefördert.
Weiterhin gehört Gabun zu den größten Tropenholz-Exportländern Afrikas – ca. 80 % der Landesfläche sind von tropischem Regenwald bedeckt. Ferner werden für den Export Kaffee, Kakao, Gummi, Palmöl und Zucker angebaut. Der Anbau von Grundnahrungsmitteln dient vor allem dem Eigenbedarf, kann diesen jedoch nicht vollständig decken. Die wichtigsten Handelspartner sind die USA und Frankreich.
Das Bruttosozialprodukt beträgt 3.760 Euro je Einwohner. Gabun ist somit eines der reichsten Länder Schwarzafrikas. Dennoch herrscht eine hohe Staatsverschuldung, die Verhandlungen mit dem Internationalen Währungsfonds über ein Strukturanpassungsprogramm notwendig erscheinen ließen.
Wikipedia
Overview
Gabon is a moderately wealthy country with diverse natural resources. It is also sub-Saharan Africa’s fourth largest oil producer whilst holding the third largest oil reserves in the region and as such the upstream oil industry plays a critical role in the economy representing approximately 80% of the country’s export revenues. The country is almost wholly dependent on oil revenues to fund its economy. Exports of crude oil account for approximately 60% of the government’s budget and more than 40% of GDP
Gabon’s export crudes are in the 30· to 35· API range, with a small amount of 25· API. Export crudes are the Rabi Light (35· API) and the Mandji Blend (30· API) streams.
Gabon’s largest oil field is the Shell operated Rabi-Kounga oilfield, with estimated reserves of 440 million barrels and production of 150,000 bpd which accounts for 40% of national output. The second largest field is the Gamba-Ivinga field, also operated by Shell with production rates of 10,000 to 15,000 bpd.
The state oil company is Société Nationale Petrolière Gabonaise.
At the beginning of 2005 the IEA announced that without the discovery of new fields current production will deplete Gabon’s oil reserves by 2012. Over half of Gabon’s crude oil shipments are exported to the United States. Much of the rest of Gabon’s crude oil goes to Western Europe and occasionally the Far East.
Ownership of oil and gas and all mineral rights is vested in the State. Companies provide services on behalf of the State and finance hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activities. Exploration and production companies are licensed under the Exploration and Production Contract (ESPC) established by Law No 14/82 in January 1983 which replaced the Concession Agreement.
Gabon was a member of OPEC until 1996, when it left citing the high annual dues required by the organisation as its reason.
Legislation
All ownership of oil and gas is vested in the State. It is the only titleholder of mining rights. The Mining Code was established by Law No 15/62 (1962), Decree No 981/PR (1970) and modified under Ordinance 45/73 (1973). The new taxation system is governed by Law No 14/74.
Oil exploration and production licences are acquired by means of Exploration and Production Sharing Contracts (EPSC). Law No 14/82 passed in January 1983 established the EPSC which replaces the Concession Agreement. The terms can be summarised as follows:
· The exploration phase can comprise either two periods of five years, or three periods comprising an initial five years followed by two 2-year terms. This is based on the location of the block and the work programme.
· The exploitation phase comprises an initial 10 year period followed by a second and third perod of 5 years each.
· There is a 10% minimum state participation and 5% minimum Royalty payment (as a function of production)
· In terms of tax and payments, cost oil is limited to 55%. If development costs have not been recovered after five years of production, this could be raised to 75% at the company’s request.
· Signature bonuses are recoverable after 10 years.
Organisations active in Gabon(26)
B Agip Gabon SA Company
B Amerada Hess Production Gabon {AHPG} Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Amoco Gabon Exploration S.A.R.L. Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Arco Gabon Company in Libreville, Gabon
B BP Gabon Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Chauvco Resources Gabon S.A Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Eauleco Andza Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Elf Gabon Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Energy Africa Gabon Company in Gabon
B Esso Exploration West Africa Company in Gabon
A ExxonMobil Gabon [Mobil Oil Gabon] Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Gentry International Company in Gabon
B Intel Gabon Sarl Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Marathon Oil Corporation Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Ministry of Mines, Energy and Petroleum Non-profit Organisation in Libreville, Gabon
B Pan-Ocean Energy Corporation Ltd. Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Participation et Developpement {PARDEV} Company in Libreville, Gabon
A Perenco Gabon S.A. Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Pizo Shell Company in Libreville, Gabon
A Shell Gabon Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
B Société Gabonaise de Raffinage {Sogara} Company in Port Gentil, Gabon
A Total Exploration Gabon Company in Gabon
A Total-Fina Gabon S.A. Company in Libreville, Gabon
B Tullow Oil Company in Libreville, Gabon
B VAALCO Gabon (Etame), Inc. Company in Port-Gentil, Gabon
B Vanco Gabon Group Company in Libreville, Gabon |
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